Magnetic Compass Errors — Turning (UNOS) & Acceleration (ANDS) Explained
Why the magnetic compass under-reads on northerly turns and over-reads on southerly turns, and shows a fake turn during a straight-line acceleration. UNOS, ANDS, magnetic dip, liquid swirl — the physics, the mnemonics, and how every pilot fixes it.
5 Types of Altitude in Aviation — Indicated, True, Pressure, Density, Absolute
Five different altitudes for the same aircraft — indicated (altimeter reading), true (above MSL), pressure (above 1013 hPa), density (what the engine feels), absolute (above terrain). Definitions, formulas, ISA deviation, and when each one matters.
IAS, CAS, EAS, TAS, GS — Aviation Airspeed Types Explained
Six different airspeeds for one aircraft — indicated (IAS), calibrated (CAS), equivalent (EAS), true (TAS), ground speed (GS) and Mach. The cascade of corrections, IAS-to-TAS conversion, formulas and when each one matters in flight.

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Instrumentation

ATPL Instrumentation — flight instruments, autopilot, warnings, engine monitoring

9 quizzes available

Instrumentation Concepts

Magnetic Compass Errors — Turning (UNOS) & Acceleration (ANDS) Explained
Why the magnetic compass under-reads on northerly turns and over-reads on southerly turns, and shows a fake turn during a straight-line acceleration. UNOS, ANDS, magnetic dip, liquid swirl — the physics, the mnemonics, and how every pilot fixes it.
5 Types of Altitude in Aviation — Indicated, True, Pressure, Density, Absolute
Five different altitudes for the same aircraft — indicated (altimeter reading), true (above MSL), pressure (above 1013 hPa), density (what the engine feels), absolute (above terrain). Definitions, formulas, ISA deviation, and when each one matters.
IAS, CAS, EAS, TAS, GS — Aviation Airspeed Types Explained
Six different airspeeds for one aircraft — indicated (IAS), calibrated (CAS), equivalent (EAS), true (TAS), ground speed (GS) and Mach. The cascade of corrections, IAS-to-TAS conversion, formulas and when each one matters in flight.